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Living Conditions in St. Petersburg and KaliningradThis study forms part of the NORBALT project, which also comprised the three Baltic countries Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, giving a comprehensive picture of social conditions in the entire eastern Baltic region during the early years of transition. The two Russian areas were surveyed simultaneously, providing an overview of both similarities and contrasts between the areas. St. Petersburg is by far the largest city in the Baltic region, with more than four million inhabitants, making it Russia's second largest. The city has a varied economy, and is the gateway to western Russia. The city is also an important center for science and education. The Kaliningrad exclave was annexed to Russia from Germany after World War II and has today approximately one million inhabitants, nearly all of which are Russian. The local economy is mainly based on fisheries and associated industries, as well as some manufacturing industries. The area is separated from the rest of Russia by Lithuania and Belarus, and the regional authorities have sought to establish Kaliningrad as a free trade zone. The study was based on household interviews with 1,873 households in St. Petersburg, and 1,808 households in Kaliningrad. Interviews were conducted in September and October 1994.
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Researchers Erik Hanse
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