Rapid ageing, changing family structures, urbanization and the inevitable slow-down in economic development makes pension reforms an urgent and daunting task for the Chinese government. The entire Chinese welfare state is at a crossroads transforming from highly fragmented social programs and arrangements to a more comprehensive welfare state. This Fafo paper, written by Kristin Dalen and Hedda Flatø, provides fresh data on how Chinese citizens view issues related to old-age security.