Most domestic workers are rural women with basic or lower education. They are predominantly informal workers with no labor contract and have no access to labour rights protections and social security.

Most domestic workers have done overtime work that is often underpaid or unpaid. Live-in domestic workers work excessive hours and earn significantly less per hour than their live-out counterparts.

While the hourly wages of child and elder care workers are significantly lower than those of other domestic workers, the hourly pay of elder care workers is the lowest.