Kvoteflyktningeordningens fremtid: et nytt blikk på sårbarhet

I 2020 var nesten 26 millioner mennesker på flukt, de fleste i et land som grenser til hjemlandet. Utvalgte sårbare flyktninger får tilbud om gjenbosetting til et trygt tredjeland i det globale nord. I Norge kaller vi dem kvoteflyktninger.

Dette er imidlertid en svært sjelden mulighet, ettersom mindre enn én prosent av verdens flyktninger blir gjenbosatt årlig.

Gjeldende forskning stiller spørsmål ved om de utvalgte flyktningene representerer de mest sårbare og de med mest behov for gjenbosetting, og hvordan man rettferdig kan vurdere sårbarhet blant menn, kvinner og barn på flukt som har forskjellige behov og ressurser.

Gjenbosetting av flyktninger handler ikke bare om å gi beskyttelse, men også om migrasjonskontroll. For eksempel deltar Norge nå i EUs relokalisering av flyktninger fra Hellas og i overføring og mulig gjenbosetting av migranter fra Libya via Niger og Rwanda. I disse tilfellene er gjenbosetting en integrert del av det europeiske samarbeidet for å kontrollere grensen mot Middelhavet, og hindre tilgang for andre potensielle flyktninger.

Vårt mål er å:

• Bidra med ny kunnskap om både politikkutvikling og praksis som bestemmer flyktningers tilgang til gjenbosetting, basert på empiriske data
• Bidra til pågående teoretiske debatter om sårbarhet innen migrasjonsstudier og andre faglitteraturer
• Gi politiske anbefalinger til beslutningstakere og utøvere i gjenbosettingsarbeidet

Kamel Doraï is a researcher at the CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research) based at Migrinter, University of Poitiers (France).

Between 2017 and 2021 he was Director of the Department of contemporary studies at the French Institute for the Near East - Ifpo (Lebanon) and has coordinated the research program LAJEH - Time of migration / time of migration (lajeh.hypotheses.org), funded by the French National Agency for Scientific Research (2015-2019). He conducted research in Jordan and Syria. His work focuses mainly on asylum and refugees in the Middle East (Palestinians, Syrians and Iraqis) and the urbanisation of the refugee camps. He has published several articles and book chapters on Palestinian and Syrian refugee camps in Jordan and Lebanon and urban refugees in Syria and Lebanon.

Johan Ekstedt is a PhD candidate in International Migration and Ethnic Relations at Malmö University’s Department of Global Political Studies.

He uses new institutionalism to investigate the development of norms and values inside large bureaucratic organisations working with refugees. He takes a broad approach to the subject, drawing on literature from political science, sociology, and organisational studies. He has received his MSc from the London School of Economics and Political Science in Comparative Politics. His research interests include resettlement, EU asylum policy and migration management systems.

Elsa Maarawi is a PhD candidate in Sociology at Picardie Jules Verne University (CURAPP-ESS, Amiens, France) under the supervision of Isabelle Charpentier (CURAPP-ESS and CESSP) and Kamel Dorai (CNRS - Migrinter), and PhD associate at the French Institute of the Near-East (Ifpo) in Beirut, Lebanon.

She holds a Master’s degree in International cooperation and humanitarian action from Paris 1 Sorbonne University and worked from 2010 to 2020 in the humanitarian sector for various UN agencies and International NGOs in the field of refugee protection and gender. Her PhD research focuses on social trajectories of Syrians migrants in Lebanon and in the North of France after the 2011, through the study of migration paths and trajectories, and interactions with migration actors and institutions. Her research aims at explaining personal and external factors that impacts on gender relations within the migration journey.

Flora Penot is a PhD candidate in geography at the University of Poitiers (Migrinter, France) under the supervision of Philippe Lagrange (Professor, CECOJI) and Olivier Clochard (CNRS, Migrinter).

She holds a Master's degree in International Migration from the University of Poitiers and has been working since 2020 on Syrian and Iraqi migration routes through humanitarian corridors in France. Her PhD focuses on the resettlement schemes of refugees in Lebanon set up by the UNHCR and philanthropic organisations. It will examine the role of both public and private actors organising refugee resettlement and reception by humanitarian corridors in France, Belgium and Italy as forms of private sponsorship. This project also aims to examine the issues at stake in the reception policies for refugees in Europe, and the role of the various networks of actors involved in these resettlements, which help to reconfigure the migratory routes of refugees from Middle East.

Brigitte Suter is Associate Professor in International Migration and Ethnic Relations at the Department of Global Political Studies at Malmö University.

Her latest research projects include the mobility of highly skilled migrants in the global economy, the role of norms and rights in the field of migration and integration, and care practices of transnational families. She is co-founder of the IMISCOE supported network “Norms and Values in Migration and Integration” (Novami). With funding from the European Refugee Fund (2013-15) she led a project on Somali and Burmese resettled refugees in Sweden. The focus was on the role of social networks in the integration process of of resettled refugees. Of particular interest were the circumstances in the first country of asylum and how they facilitated the building and maintain of social networks. A second study on resettlement was undertaken as part of the H2020- funded project ‘Norms and Values in the European Migration and Refugee Crisis’ (2018-21). The study focused on the various norms and values by different actors that shape the resettlement process from selection to integration.

Relevant publications include:

• Böhm, Franziska, Jerve Ramsøy, Ingrid and Suter, Brigitte (2021) Norms and Values in Refugee Resettlement - A Literature Review of Resettlement to the EU. NoVaMigra Policy Report. Current Themes in IMER 21:1.
• Suter, Brigitte (2019) “Social Networks and Mobility in Time and Space: Integration Processes of Burmese Karen Resettled Refugees in Sweden,” Journal of Refugee Studies, https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fez008
• Suter, B. & Magnusson, M. (2015) Resettled and Connected? The Role of Social Networks in the Integration Process of Resettled Refugees. Malmö University Press: Malmö.
• Krasniqi, Arton and Suter, Brigitte (2015) “Refugee Resettlement to Europe 1950-2014: An Overview of Humanitarian Politics and Practices”, MIM Working Paper 15:1.